Link Between Illness and Sense of Embodiment

Question: Discuss about theLink Between Illness and Sense of Embodiment. Answer: Introduction Patients have been known to undergo several changes during their recovery period. Illness can cause several changes in patients, some involuntary, while others are involuntary. However, it is the changes that occur in a patients body or mental state that brings a lot questions to scholars as far as patient behaviors is concerned. In particular, what is the patient attitude towards the recovery and how they tend to behave in attempt to cope with their illness? Illness can be so disturbing especially in person behaviors, socially or psychologically. There are therefore several ways that patients tend to cope with illness by demonstrating sense of embodiment. In this paper, I intend to elaborate several ways that patients adopt to cope up with illness and various ways that nurses have been able to assist patients cope with illness. In addition to that, I will give a detailed description on some of the research carried out to determine the carry out this. To start with, narratives can denotes breaking down stories about individuals' encounters of ailment are real exercises in medicinal human science, where the disease story fills in as a key hypothetical concentration and a prominent research strategy. Notwithstanding this, moderately minimal sociological consideration has been connected to inspecting the political, financial and moral progression at play in what we probably allude to as the commodification of disease encounters (Longo, and Haggard, 2012). By the last we mean the ascent of various and covering markets in which disease stories are created, coursed, utilized and traded, producing an incentive in various routes for various individuals (Antelius, 2009). Scratch cases of such commodification are the developing business sector for life accounts about individuals' encounters of sickness (named autopathographies (Aronson 2000) or, to some degree disparagingly, debilitated lit and hopelessness diaries); the productive sharing of data about disease encounters via web-based networking media; the arrangement of patients' stories by wellbeing foundations and different associations for raising money; and the accumulation, examination and measurement of patient encounters by scholastic specialists for an assortment of reasons, for example, measuring the nature of human services administrations. It can be contended that inability thinks about have deliberately disregarded the topic of handicapped encapsulation keeping in mind the end goal to disassociate incapacity from its mooring in therapeutic establishments and societies. What is lost in this approach is the manner by which subjectivity adds to our general comprehension of disease. People don't encounter disease in disengagement from each other, but instead deal with these social encounters in ways which incorporate their subjectivity. Ceaseless disease adjusts one's origination of the self and modifies how one sees his or her body as working in-and-with-the-world (Conrad, and Barker, 2010). This experience can be conceptualized by exploring "exemplification," which alludes to the "troupe of human practices which create and give a body its place in regular day to day existence (Gray, 2009).The lived involvement of the sexy or subjective body". In sickness, people have issues proceeding to be bodies, especially the sorts of bodies they have dependably been. The stories that individuals tell about living with endless ailments reflect how ailment modifies a man's feeling of personality. In sickness, the double parts of encapsulationturning into an alternate individual while continuing as before individualrequire new and more unsure resolutions to the issues of the body-self. With regards to YouTube, gatherings of people with different health conditions, including numerous sclerosis, fiery gut malady, or growth, utilize this stage as an apparatus for looking for wellbeing data and as a discussion for sharing individual sickness stories or getting criticism and social support from others (Longo, and Haggard, 2012). For instance, investigations of recordings on YouTube created by individuals with numerous sclerosis and relating remarks show that numerous people much of the time unveil individual health data in this online condition , and transfer recordings to give treatment guidance to others and share individual encounters chasing and acquiring restorative care (Naslund, Grande, Aschbrenner, and Elwyn, 2014) . With confirmation reporting the across the board utilization of YouTube among various patient gatherings, in the present review we expect to investigate remarks presented on YouTube by people who self-distinguish as having a SMI, taking the viewpoin t that actually happening peer bolster through web-based social networking might be advantageous. Our goal is to watch how people with SMI collaborate on YouTube with their associates, knowing the dangers of revelation, and whether this may fill in as an approach to deal with their own particular recuperation and offer help to others. There several narratives, these are In the Stability Narrative, the individual's direction stays unaltered with respect to result: the ailment is no better, yet it is additionally no more awful. I could tell a security story in which I am feeling very great, quite recently not totally well or my soundness account could be at a low level of wellbeing (Davis, and Walker, 2010). I feel repulsive, for quite a while, with no change, however no declining of my condition either. By complexity, in the Progressive Narrative, there is development toward incremental change. Consistently I feel a tiny bit better. Or, on the other hand, a medication I am taking is having any kind of effect and I feel better as a result of it. Or, on the other hand, I saw an advisor and now I see things in an unexpected way. I sense that I am recovering my old self (Mazanderani, Locock, and Powell, 2013). Obviously, it is the Progressive Illness Narrative that is the sweetheart of others. It is simpler to discover a crowd of people for this account shape than both of the other two, with the conceivable special case of the solidness disease story, when one is steadily almost well. Maybe the most unnerving ailment account and the one that makes the individuals who possess it most edgy and most indeterminate whether they will discover individuals to hear it out, is the Regressive Narrative. In this story there is a descending or in reverse slide. When I have been in an existence condition in which the main story I can tell about my exemplified experience is one in which I am not showing signs of improvement, that is a backward disease account, I have felt like I am clutching a modest bit of Styrofoam, chipped off from a pontoon, and that I am bouncing in the ocean, waves moving over me (Gray, 2009). I don't know regardless of whether I have the continuance to hold tight, nor regardless of whether the little, counterfeit bit of destruction I stick to can keep me light. Settled in this picture, however covered up and imperceptible, is the dream of protect, from quarters obscure. Flexibility in sickness is a reaction to a change inside one's body. The change is experienced promptly and eccentrically, prompting an ordeal of distance from one's all of a sudden new body. The acquaintance of instruments with beat substantial impediments makes a half breed of body Furthermore, apparatus (Carel, 2012). As Merleau-Ponty calls attention to, outer props can turn into an indispensable piece of one's lived body. He states: "the visually impaired man's stick has stopped to be a question for him, and is did not see any more for itself; its point has turned into a zone of affectability, broadening the extension and dynamic span of touch, what's more, giving a parallel to locate" (Longo, and Haggard, 2012). Conclusion Thus, it is clear that patients body tend to interact with the environment in a way that will make them cope with illness. Studies show that this is not an act of desperation but a biological way that should be embraced by even nurses. One such condition that brings this question into a clear picture is the issue of those with mental illness exposed to visual platform like YouTube. These groups of persons tend to share their stories to the general public. References Antelius, E., 2009. Whose body is it anyway? Verbalization, embodiment, and the creation of narratives.Health:,13(3), pp.361-379. Carel, H., 2012. Phenomenology as a resource for patients.Journal of Medicine and Philosophy,37(2), pp.96-113. Conrad, P. and Barker, K.K., 2010. The social construction of illness key insights and policy implications.Journal of health and social behavior,51(1 suppl), pp.S67-S79. Davis, D.L. and Walker, K., 2010. Re-discovering the material body in midwifery through an exploration of theories of embodiment.Midwifery,26(4), pp.457-462. Ferguson, A., Worrall, L., Davidson, B., Hersh, D., Howe, T. and Sherratt, S., 2010. Describing the experience of aphasia rehabilitation through metaphor.Aphasiology,24(6-8), pp.685-696. Frank, A.W., 2002.At the will of the body: Reflections on illness. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Gray, J.B., 2009. The power of storytelling: Using narrative in the healthcare context.Journal of Communication in Healthcare,2(3), pp.258-273. Longo, M.R. and Haggard, P., 2012. What is it like to have a body?.Current Directions in Psychological Science,21(2), pp.140-145. Mazanderani, F., Locock, L. and Powell, J., 2013. Biographical value: towards a conceptualisation of the commodification of illness narratives in contemporary healthcare.Sociology of health illness,35(6), pp.891-905. Naslund, J.A., Grande, S.W., Aschbrenner, K.A. and Elwyn, G., 2014. Naturally occurring peer support through social media: the experiences of individuals with severe mental illness using YouTube.PLoS One,9(10), p.e110171. OBrien, M.R. and Clark, D., 2010. Use of unsolicited first?person written illness narratives in research: systematic review.Journal of advanced nursing,66(8), pp.1671-1682. Patterson, J.E. and Meir, E., 1996. Using patient narratives to teach psychopathology.Journal of Marital and Family Therapy,22(1), pp.59-68.

The Supreme Strategy for Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Dos and DoNts

The Supreme Strategy for Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Do's and DoN'ts The Hidden Secret of Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Do's and Do N'ts Think about how you're likely to structure your essay and provide yourself enough time to thoroughly consider what you're likely to write. Along these lines, there are specific things that should not go into your private statement. It must give out a tiny realistic picture and not a cheesy strategy. So if you're thinking of a potentially well-tread topic, attempt to approach it in a distinctive way. Top Choices of Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Do's and Do N'ts You could also use the introduction to supply the reader a fundamental roadmap so they can understand the way your statement is designed to flow. Make Your Essay Detailed You may believe this slightly contradicts the prior point, but writing an application essay with no details indicates that y ou're just not interested. In these examples, it might be useful to practice with personal statement writing prompts, which can provide some guidance. The absolute most typical essay conclusion sentence is I like to aid people. It's essential that you let somebody who knows you well look at your application essay. Basically, the reader ought to be left feeling like they have a better comprehension of who you are as an artist. A great editor ought to be a facilitator, a person who seeks for the most effective ways to permit your voice to shine through, as opposed to obscuring it. You are, after all, attempting to persuade the reader that you're the candidate they need to admit. What You Should Do to Find Out About Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Do's and Do N'ts Before You're Left Behind DON'T say what you believe the admissions office wishes to hear. There are real folks sitting in real offices who are glad to provide you with all the necessary details and support you should get through the admissions process. Murphy's law claims that in that special moment the internet will break down, the mail is going to be stolen and you've missed the deadline! You're an adult individ ual, you ought to do it yourself. You'll find out how each of the sections of the GRE works and the way to work out common problems provided to you during the true test. If you realize that you are not able to pay for the GRE, or maybe you know that you're bad at taking tests (like myself), you don't need to completely panic. Don't be scared to brag about yourself here in regards to your academics and achievements. Not only are you going to gain fresh insight and realize what other approaches you could use, but you are going to have the ability to look at your essay for virtually any grammar or spelling mistakes also. As soon as it is more work, you want to personalize your essays to every school you apply to. Don't attempt to pack whatever you've done into your essay. If that's the case, this essay will determine which student is going to be given the benefit. Luckily, there are all sorts of books and sites you are able to utilize to assist you get ready for the GRE. You'll be tempted to let different people write your essays. College admissions essays aren't rocket science, but there are a range of steps that students may take to assemble the most accurate and compelling essays which will help their odds of gaining admission to their top-choice colleges. While writing a college essay is an incredibly personal experience, there are a few rules to follow to help ensure your essay is an excellent one. The Writing Center is excellent for this, but should you want more tailored feedback, asking for assistance from a graduate student in your lab isn't a terrible concept, either! Most colleges will request that you submit a minumum of one personal essay as a portion of your application. You are able to meet up with the faculty you're going to be working with and have all your questions answered. Try to remember that a few of the colleges on your list might not be on the Common Application. The Common Application is currently online and it's ready that you register. Accepted's services will provide you with the guidance and direction required to draft a compelling story and the extensive editing necessary to perfect it. Your visit to a grad school is going to be a lot more beneficial in case you have already been accepted there. Believes that all students deserve a chance to attend college without discrimination of any sort. Every school differs, and each one has different experiences to offer, so request some information and make sure to speak with your previous instructors and see the things that they must say. When an art school gives the option of submitting a personal statement, it could be tempting for forgo the chance. You are the sole original subject, so your principal aim is to let colleges understand what you care about and why. There's also a great deal of support for basketball, hockey, and so forth. Don't attempt to praise the college, it is going to look just like you're trying too difficult to suck up. Michigan's definitely famous for its school spirit and sports.

Good Topics To Write A Conflict Resolution Paper

Good Topics To Write A Conflict Resolution PaperMany students need to develop good writing skills, but few write assignments contain as many conflicting points as a study of conflict resolution. However, students might discover that most things are not as clear cut as they appear on the surface. That is why a well developed and written conflict resolution paper will serve to help with their final exam.With that in mind, the first thing that should be taught to students who have not yet learned about conflict resolution is that they are not necessarily to write a paper about any single event in the course of the study. It is good to be aware that many people use a single event to illustrate the three important types of conflict: organizational, interpersonal, and international.One of the best ideas for how to handle a situation would be to be completely honest with the one involved in the disagreement. Not only does honesty set a good example, it also shows respect. Disagreements do n ot arise without good intentions, but when one or both parties take the wrong path, they damage themselves and others and must be dealt with.The worst case scenario is when one party takes bad actions that even damages another person. These actions can either be physical or verbal. If the verbal abuse was made against another student, then the teacher has a responsibility to address the situation. The same goes for physical bullying that ruins a child's academic life.For the first time, students may learn about the fact that the school district cannot protect them and should not do so. Each state has jurisdiction to protect children, but it is up to parents and teachers to follow those laws.When writing a paper about conflict, students must not fall into the trap of writing a paper that is so focused on what happened during the incident itself that the purpose of the paper is lost. This is one of the biggest problems, especially when one or both parties have a tendency to get emotio nal. Students should never allow their emotions to take over, but they must remember that if they have made some wrong decisions, then they can only control what they can.One good topic to write conflict resolution paper on would be the steps they need to take to make sure that they understand the conflict. They must first be able to have a clear understanding of the situation and then they can identify the right actions to take. Once the issues are clearly understood, the teacher or parent should be able to provide enough direction for a peaceful resolution.A student who feels in control of a situation may get frustrated when something does not work out the way they had hoped. If a student has never been encouraged in the concepts of conflict resolution, then he or she will need extra support to bring the two parties together and find a peaceful solution. Taking the time to read and research about conflict resolution is very important, because it can have a great impact on the stud ent's final grade.

Notes on 6th Grade Essay Writing Prompts in an Easy to Follow Manner

Notes on 6th Grade Essay Writing Prompts in an Easy to Follow Manner Keeping a consistent voice within the body paragraphs, together with the remainder of the essay, is also an additional ability that sixth-grade teachers will be on the lookout for when grading. Daily writing prompts are among the absolute most efficient approaches to help kids learn to express themselves and that their ideas and ideas matter. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Free, the most efficient methods to demonstrate a passion for original. Suddenly you end up transported into somebody else's life. Think of a certain skill you've got and might teach others. Among the things that is the exact same is that we both have people who are black and white. There are things which are the exact same and a few other things which are really different. The ability to supply information in various contexts is critical to effective communication. Fossil fuels ought to be mostly replaced by systems that use some type of renewable supply of energy. When you ask us to compose my research paper, we'll do it right, which not just includes fluent content but in addition formatting. You will shortly locate the official data about us. Absolutely free revisions Once the last draft is ready, you have to read it attentively and make sure it doesn't contain any mistakes. If you wish to acquire high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for an affordable price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. If you should compose a persuasive essay for your studies then one of the most essential things to do is to produce a topic or title it's attention grabbing. You might feel the burden you're placed under is unfair, but I am fearful that you're mistaking the aim of the essay writing. The debut of each written work ought to have a very clear thesis statement or argument. Because of this, there'll be more writing assignments and a closer attention to the grade of the writing. So long as you know the fundamental steps of essay writing, you ought to be well-equipped to take care of any essay topic. Determining the sort of essay is the very first step to writing a targeted essay. Expository essays describe a procedure or offer factual info. How can you compose an excellent argumentative essay. A Secret Weapon for 6th Grade Essay Writing Prompts Consider what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. Daily thousands of students experience the very same and want a way to facilitate the procedure. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. Don't neglect to write together with your students. To assess the attendance of the Broadway shows, you count the number of individuals who go to every show. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. In conclusion, at the present moment school is a significant stage of my life. Choose a pastime or activity that you do at least one time per week, and explain how science is involved. Your thesis should inform the reader what point you'll be making or what question you're going to be answering about this issue. Pick a topic you are conversant with for you in order to talk about your very own unforgettable life experience describing in details. Look at a moral dilemma a character in a novel or other bit of literature must face. To begin with, write your topic at the cover of the page. The very first paragraph should contain the most crucial point that you intend to make about the literary work and ought to give details to support the claim. Provide enough detail so that your reader can find out how to do the exact thing. Explain it to a reader who's new to the function. They'll consult you on any situation. This writing company makes sure their papers are all the amazing quality and all the customers are happy. When there are hundreds of writing companies available on the market, we are the one which you ought to choose! Whenever you opt to ask us for expert help, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. Choosing our service, you are going to realize that studying can be simple if you gain from the help of capable experts. Their reliability cannot be questioned by customers. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, in addition to make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. There are a lot of reasons why you need to prefer our services. Explain this distinctive quality.

How To Prepare Evaluation Essays For a Peer Review For Evaluation Essay Sample

How To Prepare Evaluation Essays For a Peer Review For Evaluation Essay SamplePeer review for evaluation essay sample is an essential part of education. It helps to determine whether a student has made satisfactory progress in the course they are taking. The review for evaluation essay samples is meant to be thorough, and the task can become more difficult if students don't possess sufficient information to prepare for it.A school would need to prepare evaluation essays for every class or course taken. The assignment needs to be able to gauge and highlight any academic achievements of the student. The review for evaluation essay samples is more than simply marking an average.In a school, the evaluation essays for every student are more important that just determining their grade. Evaluations by the whole class serve as feedback on the students' work. A part of the evaluation essays is the peer review for evaluation essay sample where students provide feedback to a teacher on their fe llow classmates' performance.The evaluation essays for all students are handled differently. They are written for different grade levels and should take into account the specific skills that the student has. In addition, the essays need to be able to be clearly readable so that the evaluation essays are able to give a fair assessment.If grades are the main factor of the evaluation, then the student should show the ability to use the knowledge in a way that helps them progress in the class. They need to demonstrate that they are able to demonstrate how well they use it. It is one thing to be able to explain what a subject is about, but they need to have demonstrated an understanding of it.The ability to use grammar and spelling is a basic skill that most students must be able to do. Many teachers expect students to have good grammatical abilities and to be able to express themselves clearly and concisely. This requires a student to demonstrate that they can easily comprehend the info rmation presented.A student should also be able to demonstrate writing skills. The evaluation essays for each student must be able to address the quality of their own writing. Students should be able to be confident and clear in their writing, which is usually a concern for teachers who value education.The peer review for evaluation essays for every student is meant to be a comprehensive evaluation. It should evaluate their ability to use their knowledge to help them learn. It should also be able to give the student a glimpse into how they will do in their future endeavors.

Global Economic Crisis Research Paper Essay Example

Global Economic Crisis Research Paper Essay Introduction The global economic crisis, a simultaneous occurrence of several economic catastrophes since the summer of 2007, is arguably the most significant global economic slowdown since the fall of the communist bloc. As discussed below, the current crisis should not be categorized as a normal recessionary phase along the business cycle, but rather as a turning point in more than a few economic processes and lines of thought. Furthermore, several sectors and regions were struck much severely than the average. Needless to say that every specific economic situation differs from the other, and thus it is imperative to separate the aggregated numbers and the global actions from the conditions, which should bring about a positive change in the near future. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economic Crisis Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economic Crisis Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economic Crisis Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although many economists praise the actions taken by US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and report that the world’s largest economy is about to end its recession (Izzo), and other major European markets (such as Germany and France) are recovering as well (Herbst), many economies around the world are far from seeing the light at the end of the tunnel. Some of the best known examples are Russia and other Eastern European countries (most notably Ukraine), whose economies have shown a gradual recovery from the financial crisis that struck the region in 1998. This paper analyzes recent trends and prospective of the Russian port industry, while paying special attention to Russia’s major port on the Black Sea, namely the port of Novorossiysk in the south-western territory of Krasnodar Krai. The Contemporary Economic Crisis The course of economic events throughout the past two years has already received more than a few nicknames. Some call it â€Å"financial crisis† or the â€Å"credit crunch,† while others use economic terminology such as â€Å"recession,† â€Å"slowdown† â€Å"subprime crisis† and so on. In fact, as indicated in the introduction, the definition of a crisis would arguably best fit this situation, as it comprises negative aspects from all the economic concepts described above. The Reasons for the Economic Crisis It is widely agreed to link the current crisis, which is defined by leading economists as the worst since the â€Å"great depression† of the late 1920s (Business Wire), to several main causes: First, as observed by Richard Freeman already in 2002, the US housing market experienced long years of overbuilding, which exceeded not only the ability of people to buy houses, but also the population natural growth rate. This has led to two major results – devaluation of houses and, as described next, loose credit policies that ignited the burst of the so-called â€Å"housing bubble† (ibid.). Second, in order to encourage purchase of houses, financial institutions increased their share in the so-called subprime mortgage market, which is simply lending activities with borrowers whose ability to pay back the loan is questionable. The underlying assets, namely the purchased houses, served as collateral for the loan. Moreover, these asset-backed loans were sold and resold as debt in the bond markets, creating a paradoxical situation, in which houses were leveraged many times more than the original value of the asset. Third, due to the devaluation of houses and widespread default among borrowers, all those financial institutions, which took part in the lending chain, suffered heavy losses and many of them collapsed one after the other. These events, which became highly noticeable in late 2007 and throughout the first half of 2008, trembled the financial markets, bringing about a slowdown in most sectors of the economy, first in the US, and shortly afterwards in the rest of the world. The Global Recession 2008-2009Without going too deeply into macroeconomic principles, it is clear that difficulties in the financial markets have vast direct and indirect effect on the rest of the economy. Such effects can be observed, for example, by looking at consumption patterns, national product and income of individuals, companies and whole countries. A state of recession, which is formally defined as â€Å"a six-months fall in gross domestic product† (Rutherford, 492) and thus serves as an important marker for an economic slowdown, was declared in the US b y the National Bureau of Economic Research in December 2007. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), which declared global recession in 2008, expects the world economy to contract by 1.3% in 2009, although it should start a slow recovery process in 2010 (xii). But beyond all these figures and many others, the most important issue is the effect on individuals in developing as well as developed countries. Lower income, higher unemployment and other difficulties such as higher risk and more expensive credit for businesses are the facts, which build together the aggregated growth and income figures. Unlike the â€Å"great depression† of the 1920s-1930s, governments and international economic institutions have engaged in actions to improve market conditions and to encourage growth. These actions included, among others, government guarantees for bonds, open market operations (e.g. buying General Motors stocks), low- to zero interest rates and financial support plans for extremely weak economies such as Ukraine and Iceland. All these actions and others seem effective, and justify the optimistic perditions given above. The Impact of the Global Crisis on the Port Business Seaports provide transition services for imported and exported goods. The improvement of global transport; the opening of the former members of the USSR (together known as the Commonwealth of Independent States) to the west; and the removal of many trades and barriers on international trade, have all contributed to the development of the port business in Russia. In addition, years of positive growth in Russia brought about growing demand for Western imports, as well as demand for Russian minerals and energy products, many of which are transported through the Black sea to or from Western Russia. Under the same logic, every change in one or more of the factors discussed above leads to a contraction in the port business. Equally problematic is the inability of clients to pay their debts to the ports, leaving the latter with considerable amounts of bad debts. Finally, the rivalry among the different seaports in the region and the rivalry between seaports and other transportation services (air, rail and trucks) force price competition, which may decrease revenues and profitability. Before discussing the specific areas in which the global economic crisis can affect the port business, it should be also noted that the seaport activities are not limited to the port itself. In fact, not only the port’s employees and its shareholders are affected, but also many other people and businesses. These secondary effects influence many other activities, including the land transportation from and to the port, fuel for ships and trucks, state customs and so on. Moreover, due to decrease in port-related income, port cities (especially those cities whose residents’ main source of income is the port) should suffer greatly from people’s inability to spend on products and service, to pay local and national taxes and to provide decent living for their families. Finally, unemployment in such cities is expected to rise, putting additional pressure on the public welfare services. Case Study: The Port of Novorossiysk, Russia General Company InformationNovorossiysk Commercial Sea Port (NCSP) is a supplier of stevedore and port services, which operates 97% of the services in the port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea. The company, whose shares are traded at the London Stock Exchange as well at the Russian Trading System, is rated â€Å"BB+† and â€Å"ruAA+† by Standard Poor’s and â€Å"Ba1† by Moody’s. The port is the biggest in Russia and the fifth in Europe in terms of cargo turnover (NCSP, â€Å"Annual Report 2008† 3). Despite its focus on port services, the company has built a wide array of technical abilities, which allowed NCSP to be a rather diversified company within the port services sector: according to The Winthrop Corporation, NCSP offers â€Å"shipment of oil and oil products, other liquid cargo, dry bulk cargo and general cargo, [†¦] tug, towing and mooring services for vessels in and around the port, and also provides emergency, hazardous materials response and waste management services at the Port.† As of 2008, NCSP reported it has 7,382 employees, with an average monthly wage of USD 1,183. The Implications of the Economic Crisis on the PortAs expected, the sea transportation business and port services experience significant slowdown in terms of volumes and revenues. A recent report by AXS Alphaliner, an information platform for the shipping business, sheds light on the negative trends within the industry. The low operational results, which the source links to both overcapacity and reduction of demand for shipping, can be demonstrated through several facts: The number of idle (i.e. unused) container carriers is 2.2 times higher than in 2008, and accounts to 6.5% of the entire global container capacity. As of February 2009, total orders for shipping was accounted for only 43.6% of the existing capacity. As opposed to their forecasts before the outbreak of the crisis, JP Morgan analysts forecast the growth of demand for container transportation by only 2.6% in 2009 against earlier forecast at 7.6%. All of NCSP’s major competitors within the Black Sea Region, such as the current market leader portConstanta from Romania and several ports in Ukraine, have seen a decrease in container transshipment from the end of 2008. Interestingly, both AXS Alphaliner and NCSP (â€Å"Press-Centre†) report an increase in the port of Novorossiysk, which raised its monthly throughput by 67.6% compared to January 2008) and reported a total turnover increase of 8.4% between January-July 2009 compared to the same period one year ago. Nevertheless, as can be seen in Table 1, the growth in tonnage is not equal among all sectors of the business. Perhaps the most important decrease was registered for the container turnover, which declines sharply by 58% within a year. Furthermore, the implications of these mixed results are not clear yet; for example, despite a growth in its oil and petroleum cargo turnover, the recent fall of oil prices may also imply lower surcharges for this cargo, which may reduce the revenues compared to last year or even show a negative figure. In conclusion, although the company shows relatively good operating results so far, the future is not necessary so bright for NCSP. The reasons for making some changes in the company are twofold: First, as discussed above, the overall economic environment is unclear, whereas the situation in Russia is still rather difficult. Hence, there are many reasons to believe that NCSP’s business volumes will decline and/or will not grow enough to employ its immense capacities. Second, the company’s individual risk is still high. For example, its net debt in 2008 was almost USD 400 million, which accounts for more than 100% of NCSP’s EBITA (NCSP, â€Å"Annual Report† 5). Moreover, the company’s workforce in 2008 was smaller by 500 employees, or about 6%, compared to 2007 (ibid., 49). It would rather sound to assume that more layoffs are expected in the future. Recommendations The port business is complicated, large-scale and highly responsive for external events. In order to remain competitive and to thrive, NCSP executives should consider several managerial steps: First, the company should aspire to cut its overhead costs as much as possible. This includes, among others, revaluation of all administrative and managerial positions, termination of unnecessary business units and unification of others. For example, functions such as security, accounting and engineering can be outsourced to specialized suppliers. Second, due to the current reduction in container transport, which accounts to about a half of the port’s turnover, the company should consider temporary shutdown of at least one of the terminals at the port. If the management will be flexible enough, it will be able to use the current excess capacities of the terminal only as a response to short- or long-term increase in demand. Third, NCSP should continue to diversify its portfolio. Prospective services, which can be developed and/or expanded in the near future, are to be found in the current capacities of the port. For example, the port can offer highly competitive prices for the shipyard services (which convince shipping companies to fix their ships in this port); it can sell towing services to other ports; and it can use its proven managerial abilities (as can be seen from the port’s strong position against its competitors on the Black Sea) to offer consulting and/or management services. Conclusion After long years of growth, Russia struggles to break free of the recession in the country, which came as a direct result of the global economic crisis. The sea transport sector in general, and the ports along the shores of the Black Sea in particular, suffer from drastic decrease in volumes, revenues and profits. Under these circumstances, NCSP shows fairly good operational results, at least for the time being. Although many economists believe that the world is about to recover from the recession, it is imperative to reexamine the port’s current operations and to look for ways to improve its efficiency. Using maritime terminology, the crisis should be referred to as a storm. It will end sooner or later, but when it will, the shores may look very different from what they were earlier. Therefore, the port should follow the recommendations described earlier, which focus on its ability to remain flexible, to use its capacities wisely and to outsource its current unnecessary units and operations.

How to make APA citation properly

How to make APA citation properly APA citation style Sometimes, students do not know whether it is better to paraphrase author’s ideas or cite them. In order to understand what to do, you should distinguish between citing and paraphrasing. If the words used for describing concepts do not matter, you may use paraphrasing. In case the ideas have to be presented in the author’s words exactly, you should cite them. This rule should be applied to APA citation as well as to other styles. Note that scientific works are usually paraphrased, while those in art – cited. What is the difference between paraphrasing and citing? Paraphrasing means using one’s own words to present a theory of another author. In this case, it is necessary to make reference to the original work. Moreover, you should separate your thoughts and ideas from the paraphrased ones. Citing means using the words of other authors to describe their concepts. The cited text should be placed in quotation marks. Do not forget to indicate the text the citation is taken from. Your paper should be cited properly in accordance with the format whether it is an MLA citation style or another one. You should not use long quotations. It may be difficult for readers to understand your paper. Citations will make your paper reasonable. However, it is sometimes better to paraphrase ideas then quote them. Thus, your essay may be more coherent. Secondary Sources You should use secondary sources in rare cases, for example, if an original text is unavailable. Do not forget to indicate the used source on the reference page. If your paper is formatted in APA, you should make proper APA referencing. Thus, you should present an original entry and cite the secondary source. Why is it necessary cite or paraphrase? Academicians often cite or paraphrase the works of other scholars. What are the reasons for this? Take the following points into account: When writing an academic work in Harvard citation style or any other format, you may need to provide research results obtained by other scholars. You need to provide concrete statistical data taken from another work. You may use the ideas of other authors to develop those of your own. Sometimes, examples are taken from an original source to illustrate the covered points. Bibliography and Reference List The Chicago referencing list (or that of another style) presents all cited or paraphrased sources in your paper. It should be added at the end of your work. A bibliography is a list of entries which you have used to produce your piece of writing no matter whether you have cited or paraphrased the ideas taken from them. Plagiarism Issues Students know that using the works of other authors without indicating them in the MLA referencing list is considered plagiarism. It goes not only about text, but also about illustrative material. If you do not reference an original text, it means that you present the borrowed ideas as your own. It is forbidden. Besides, it may cause you a lot of problems. There are some cases when presenting the ideas of another author without citing them is not considered plagiarism. If the stated facts are common knowledge, you do not need to make an APA style citation or any other format quotation. However, you have to be sure that the expressed opinion is known by everyone. Reference Styles Academic works can be organized in APA citation format, MLA, Turabian, etc. Each style has its own peculiarities. There are two major groups of styles: numbered and parenthesized. When your work is formatted in one of the parenthesized styles, you need to shorten a full reference which follows an APA in text citation. You need to provide the author’s name and publication date. You may also include page numbers. In the numbered style, a number goes immediately after MLA in text citation. A complete reference should be presented on the reference page. On the APA citation page, the references should be presented in the same order as they are in the body of the paper.